Cómo apagar/suspender con el teclado directamente

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senador
Posts: 45
Joined: Sat Oct 22, 2022 5:21 am

Cómo apagar/suspender con el teclado directamente

#1 Post by senador »

Hola. Mi intención es poder apagar/suspender con el teclado, sin recurrir al ratón. He intentado asignar la orden

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shutdown now
o similares en "Teclado" > "Atajos de las aplicaciones"; pero el poblema es que, al ser un comando de sistema, me pide contraseña de root. Dado que yo soy el único usuario y el único administrador del equipo, desearía que el proceso no se detuviera a pedirme la contraseña de root.
Mi máquina es un iMac de 2012 con el teclado original.
Saludos.

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Snapshot created on: 20250905_1732
System:
  Kernel: 6.1.0-39-amd64 [6.1.148-1] arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 12.2.0
    parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.1.0-39-amd64 root=UUID=<filter> ro quiet splash
  Desktop: Xfce v: 4.20.0 tk: Gtk v: 3.24.38 info: xfce4-panel wm: xfwm v: 4.20.0 vt: 7
    dm: LightDM v: 1.32.0 Distro: MX-23.6_x64 Libretto April 13  2025 base: Debian GNU/Linux 12
    (bookworm)
Machine:
  Type: Desktop System: Apple product: iMac11,2 v: 1.0 serial: <superuser required> Chassis:
    type: 13 v: Mac-F2238AC8 serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: Apple model: Mac-F2238AC8 serial: <superuser required> UEFI: Apple
    v: IM112.88Z.005B.B00.1708080439 date: 08/08/17
CPU:
  Info: model: Intel Core i3 550 bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Westmere gen: core 1 level: v2
    built: 2010-11 process: Intel 32nm family: 6 model-id: 0x25 (37) stepping: 5 microcode: 0x7
  Topology: cpus: 1x cores: 2 tpc: 2 threads: 4 smt: enabled cache: L1: 128 KiB
    desc: d-2x32 KiB; i-2x32 KiB L2: 512 KiB desc: 2x256 KiB L3: 4 MiB desc: 1x4 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 1412 high: 1463 min/max: 1197/3192 scaling: driver: acpi-cpufreq
    governor: ondemand cores: 1: 1463 2: 1261 3: 1463 4: 1463 bogomips: 25536
  Flags: ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx
  Vulnerabilities:
  Type: gather_data_sampling status: Not affected
  Type: indirect_target_selection status: Not affected
  Type: itlb_multihit status: KVM: VMX disabled
  Type: l1tf mitigation: PTE Inversion; VMX: conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
  Type: mds status: Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode; SMT vulnerable
  Type: meltdown mitigation: PTI
  Type: mmio_stale_data status: Unknown: No mitigations
  Type: reg_file_data_sampling status: Not affected
  Type: retbleed status: Not affected
  Type: spec_rstack_overflow status: Not affected
  Type: spec_store_bypass mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Type: spectre_v1 mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
  Type: spectre_v2 mitigation: Retpolines; IBPB: conditional; IBRS_FW; STIBP: conditional; RSB
    filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected
  Type: srbds status: Not affected
  Type: tsa status: Not affected
  Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected
Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Madison [Mobility Radeon HD 5730 / 6570M] vendor: Apple driver: radeon v: kernel
    alternate: amdgpu arch: TeraScale-2 code: Evergreen process: TSMC 32-40nm built: 2009-15 pcie:
    gen: 2 speed: 5 GT/s lanes: 16 ports: active: eDP-1 empty: DP-1 bus-ID: 01:00.0
    chip-ID: 1002:68c0 class-ID: 0300
  Device-2: Apple Built-in iSight type: USB driver: uvcvideo bus-ID: 2-1.1:3 chip-ID: 05ac:8502
    class-ID: 0e02 serial: <filter>
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.7 compositor: xfwm v: 4.20.0 driver: X: loaded: radeon
    unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,vesa dri: r600 gpu: radeon display-ID: :0.0 screens: 1
  Screen-1: 0 s-res: 1920x1080 s-dpi: 96 s-size: 509x286mm (20.04x11.26") s-diag: 584mm (22.99")
  Monitor-1: eDP-1 mapped: eDP model: Apple Color LCD built: 2010 res: 1920x1080 hz: 60 dpi: 103
    gamma: 1.2 size: 475x267mm (18.7x10.51") diag: 545mm (21.5") ratio: 16:9 modes: max: 1920x1080
    min: 640x480
  API: OpenGL v: 4.5 Mesa 22.3.6 renderer: AMD REDWOOD (DRM 2.50.0 / 6.1.0-39-amd64 LLVM 15.0.6)
    direct-render: Yes
Audio:
  Device-1: Intel 5 Series/3400 Series High Definition Audio driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel
    bus-ID: 00:1b.0 chip-ID: 8086:3b56 class-ID: 0403
  Device-2: AMD Redwood HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 5000 Series] vendor: Apple driver: snd_hda_intel
    v: kernel pcie: gen: 2 speed: 5 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 01:00.1 chip-ID: 1002:aa60 class-ID: 0403
  API: ALSA v: k6.1.0-39-amd64 status: kernel-api tools: alsamixer,amixer
  Server-1: PipeWire v: 1.0.0 status: active with: 1: pipewire-pulse status: active
    2: wireplumber status: active 3: pipewire-alsa type: plugin 4: pw-jack type: plugin
    tools: pactl,pw-cat,pw-cli,wpctl
Network:
  Device-1: Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5764M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe driver: tg3 v: kernel pcie: gen: 1
    speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 port: N/A bus-ID: 02:00.0 chip-ID: 14e4:1684 class-ID: 0200
  IF: eth0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
  Device-2: Qualcomm Atheros AR928X Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Apple AirPort Extreme
    driver: ath9k v: kernel modules: wl pcie: gen: 1 speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 bus-ID: 03:00.0
    chip-ID: 168c:002a class-ID: 0280
  IF: wlan0 state: down mac: <filter>
Bluetooth:
  Device-1: Apple Built-in Bluetooth 2.0+EDR HCI type: USB driver: btusb v: 0.8 bus-ID: 1-1.1.1:5
    chip-ID: 05ac:8215 class-ID: fe01 serial: <filter>
  Report: hciconfig ID: hci0 rfk-id: 1 state: up address: <filter> bt-v: 1.2 lmp-v: 2.1
    sub-v: 21d0 hci-v: 2.1 rev: 206
  Info: acl-mtu: 1021:5 sco-mtu: 64:1 link-policy: rswitch hold sniff park
    link-mode: peripheral accept service-classes: rendering, capturing, object transfer, audio,
    telephony
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 988.82 GiB used: 77.11 GiB (7.8%)
  SMART Message: Unable to run smartctl. Root privileges required.
  ID-1: /dev/sda maj-min: 8:0 vendor: Western Digital model: WD1001FALS-40Y6A0 size: 931.51 GiB
    block-size: physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 3.0 Gb/s type: HDD rpm: 7200 serial: <filter>
    rev: 1D06 scheme: GPT
  ID-2: /dev/sdc maj-min: 8:32 type: USB vendor: SanDisk model: Ultra size: 57.3 GiB block-size:
    physical: 512 B logical: 512 B type: N/A serial: <filter> rev: 1.00 scheme: MBR
  SMART Message: Unknown USB bridge. Flash drive/Unsupported enclosure?
Partition:
  ID-1: / raw-size: 931.26 GiB size: 915.57 GiB (98.31%) used: 77.11 GiB (8.4%) fs: ext4
    dev: /dev/sda2 maj-min: 8:2
  ID-2: /boot/efi raw-size: 256 MiB size: 252 MiB (98.46%) used: 274 KiB (0.1%) fs: vfat
    dev: /dev/sda1 maj-min: 8:1
Swap:
  Kernel: swappiness: 15 (default 60) cache-pressure: 100 (default)
  ID-1: swap-1 type: file size: 3 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) priority: -2 file: /swap/swap
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 53.0 C mobo: N/A
  Fan Speeds (RPM): cpu: 1199
Repos:
  Packages: 2248 pm: dpkg pkgs: 2243 libs: 1135 tools: apt,apt-get,aptitude,nala,synaptic pm: rpm
    pkgs: 0 pm: flatpak pkgs: 5
  No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stable-updates.list
    1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list
    1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
    2: deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mx.list
    1: deb http://ftp.cica.es/mirrors/Linux/MX-Packages/mx/repo/ bookworm main non-free
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/onlyoffice.list
    1: deb https://download.onlyoffice.com/repo/debian squeeze main
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/extrepo_librewolf.sources
    1: deb [arch=amd64 arm64] https://repo.librewolf.net librewolf main
Info:
  Processes: 241 Uptime: 13m wakeups: 1 Memory: 11.67 GiB used: 1.89 GiB (16.2%) Init: SysVinit
  v: 3.06 runlevel: 5 default: graphical tool: systemctl Compilers: gcc: 12.2.0 alt: 12
  Client: shell wrapper v: 5.2.15-release inxi: 3.3.26
Boot Mode: UEFI
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CharlesV
Administrator
Posts: 8144
Joined: Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:11 pm

Re: Cómo apagar/suspender con el teclado directamente

#2 Post by CharlesV »

He configurado algunos ordenadores para que lo hagan utilizando el salvapantallas para bloquear y, a continuación, suspender. (Los dos primeros comandos eliminan el problemático salvapantallas xfce4 e instalan el xscreensaver, mucho más estable).

Lo hago de la siguiente manera:
1) Desinstalar xfce4-screensaver
2) Instalar xscreensaver
3) Configura tu xscreensaver para que se suspenda después de 1 minuto en la pestaña Avanzado - Gestión de energía habilitada y luego configúralo en 1 minuto.

A continuación, puede utilizar la combinación ya configurada Ctrl-Alt-Supr o Ctrl-Alt-Esc para activar el comando xflock4 , que lo bloqueará inmediatamente y, un minuto después, lo suspenderá.

No recuerdo el teclado MAC de 2012, pero probablemente no tenga las teclas Ctrl y Alt. Por lo tanto, es posible que tengas que ir a la aplicación Teclado (menú mx Teclado) y reasignar las teclas para xflock4 a algo que tengas (algo como Comando+Opción+L ).

Si QUIERES que la solicitud de contraseña se suspenda, puedes crear un script y ejecutarlo en el comando.

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# bloquear el teclado
xflock4

# Y pasar a modo de suspensión
xfce4-session-logout --suspend
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