MX Linux Forum

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 5:35 am**

Help me buy new toys with my year-end bonus

Keeping my MOBO, but upgrading my CPU, GPU, & NVME.

CURRENT SPECS:

MOBO:

- Gigabyte H270-HD3-CF

- UEFI, AMI "BIOS", F5, 04/24/2017

- PCIe 3.0, 1 x16 slot, 2 x4 slots, 2 x1 slots, 1 PCI slot

- 32GB DDR4 RAM (Max=64GB)

CPU:

- Intel Core i3-7100

GPU:

- AMD Oland PRO [Radeon R7 240]

- PCIe 3.0

- 2GB RAM

- Mfg=Micro-Star MSI, Radeon Drivers

BOOT DRIVE:

- Samsung 970 EVO 250GB (NVME)

PSU:

- Zalman ZM700-LEII (700W)

INTERNAL HDDs/SSDs:

- 4TB HDD

- 3TB HDD

- 500GB HDD

- 120GB SSD

- 120GB SSD

EXTERNAL HDDs:

- 2TB HDD

- 750GB HDD

- 320GB HDD

- 320GB HDD

- Up to 6 -8GB- SD cards

OFFLINE BACKUP DRIVES:

- 5TB Seagate "Portable" USB Drive

- 4TB Western Digital "Easystore" USB Drive

- 2TB Toshiba USB Drive

RATIONALE:

VirtualBox for a number of OSs in VMs

AI Tools:

- Transformers (Hugging Face)

- TensorFlow

- PyTorch

- SciKit-Learn

Local AI Installations:

- Ollama

- Claude

- ...

ASSUMPTIONS:

i7 CPU for better VM performance

Large Boot Drive (NVME) for hosting multiple VMs & Distros

Better GPU for AI tools

WISH-LIST:
CPU:

Intel Boxed Core I7-6700

NOT going with I7-7700, since many reports of over-heating

Already Have: Noctua NH-D9L Tower Cooler (Heat Sink)

Already Have: Noctua NF-P12 PWM 120mm Premium Fans

GPU:

Radeon RX 590 GME 8GB GDDR5 256bit 1340MHz PCIe 3.0

NVME:

2TB Samsung 990 PRO SSD NVMe M.2 PCIe Gen4, M.2 2280

Amazon's "Rufus" says this is backwards compatible with PCIe 3.0

PCIe 3.0 models are more expensive than the new PCIe 4.0 versions

I welcome your feedback

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 6:06 am**

Buy a kickbike/scooter & get out & about....

I can't imagine an i3 with all that on it, but if your MB can take an i7, that would be the way that I might go.....

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 6:25 am**

mxer wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 6:06 am Buy a kickbike/scooter & get out & about....

I can't imagine an i3 with all that on it, but if your MB can take an i7, that would be the way that I might go.....

It's been good for the last 8 years

And, the proof of the pudding is in the eating:

Code: Select all

Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 31.0 C mobo: N/A gpu: radeon temp: 39.0 C

Although...my external drives are off at the moment...

Oh, I didn't mention, but LOTS of fans, all over, for intake and exhaust...Ya' know, for maximum airflow (not liquid cooled-- YET

)

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:09 am**

Where are you going to get a new ten year old i7 that you can trust?

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:10 am**

Well... if you wanna spend your money, you can always donate some so I can get a new one, too

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:16 am**

j2mcgreg wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:09 am Where are you going to get a new ten year old i7 that you can trust?

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0136 ... A14K8HRDRH

NEW (Unused, NOT "renewed")

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:19 am**

Eadwine Rose wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:10 am Well... if you wanna spend your money, you can always donate some so I can get a new one, too

I have been considering INCREASING my current monthly donation to MX-LINUX.

Fine-by-me if it goes straight to you

Or, maybe there's some secret MX-Committee for deciding that sort of thing

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:24 am**

operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:16 am
j2mcgreg wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:09 am Where are you going to get a new ten year old i7 that you can trust?
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0136 ... A14K8HRDRH

NEW (Unused, NOT "renewed")

I would want to know where they sourced it before I bought it sight unseen.

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:31 am**

j2mcgreg wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:24 am
operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:16 am
j2mcgreg wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:09 am Where are you going to get a new ten year old i7 that you can trust?
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0136 ... A14K8HRDRH

NEW (Unused, NOT "renewed")
I would want to know where they sourced it before I bought it sight unseen.

OK...but not sure what you mean...like:

Where is it shipped from (e.g. 3rd party)
From where they bought it
Anything else to ask?

Amazon will tell you if it ships from a 3rd party, or from "Amazon", whatever that means!

I don't know how I would find-out from where they acquired it.

Also, all the other items I am looking at are new items from Amazon, in-stock, and delivered next day with Amazon Prime. I don't think any of the items come from re-sellers.

If you have any pointers/guidance, please let me know

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 8:10 am**

I am most interested in what folks think about my:

ASSUMPTIONS:

i7 CPU for better VM performance

Large Boot Drive (NVME) for hosting multiple VMs & Distros

Better GPU for AI tools

(MY) AXIOM(S) OF CHOICE(S):

After playing with VMs in VirtualBox, I see that it's best to have at least 20GB reserved for "the machine". Thus, I concluded that I should have a pretty hefty NVME.

I'm assuming that an 8GB GPU (versus current 2GB) will boost AI modelling

I'm also assuming that for running AI models, I don't "have" to have Nvidia drivers

Awaiting Your Analysis

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 8:11 am**

operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:19 am
Eadwine Rose wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:10 am Well... if you wanna spend your money, you can always donate some so I can get a new one, too
I have been considering INCREASING my current monthly donation to MX-LINUX.

Fine-by-me if it goes straight to you

Or, maybe there's some secret MX-Committee for deciding that sort of thing

Unfortunately that gets taken by the body snatchers

But the donations are always welcome, of course

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 8:20 am**

Eadwine Rose wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 8:11 am
operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:19 am
Eadwine Rose wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 7:10 am Well... if you wanna spend your money, you can always donate some so I can get a new one, too
I have been considering INCREASING my current monthly donation to MX-LINUX.

Fine-by-me if it goes straight to you

Or, maybe there's some secret MX-Committee for deciding that sort of thing

Unfortunately that gets taken by the body snatchers But the donations are always welcome, of course

If it weren't for those pesky pods

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 10:36 am**

IME moving from an i3 to an i5 makes a big difference; from an i5 to an i7 somewhat less.

Chris

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 10:47 am**

chrispop99 wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 10:36 am IME moving from an i3 to an i5 makes a big difference; from an i5 to an i7 somewhat less.

Chris

Thanks !

Just as a reminder, I would be upgrading from an i3 to an i7

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 12:10 pm**

I have seen my i7's perform very well and would advise that yes you want an i7

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:12 pm**

CharlesV wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 12:10 pm I have seen my i7's perform very well and would advise that yes you want an i7

I'm assuming that the added cores of the i7 will positively impact on the VMs...

And, do you agree about a large (2TB) NVME for multiple Distros and VMs ?

& Thoughts on the GPU, with respect to the AI modelling and local LLMs ???

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:36 pm**

yup. The more cores the better for VM work (imo )

I have twin 2gb WD Black NVME's SN850X 's .. and they flipn ROCK ! I have not found anything better / faster / more stable then WD's. (Samsung NVME's are a VERY close second for speed, but equally stable! )

GPU .. hmm.. well I am an NVIDIA fan :-) I have run nvidia on linux for many years and while not without some issues, I have been able to overcome everything that came at me. I cannot say the same for AMD.

I have run AMD & NVIDIA for years on windows and had a few issues with both, but AMD seemed to have more trouble with applications / drawing etc, while nvidia issues seemed to be more 'driver issues' (ie 'half baked and not ready for prime time.) I was able to resolve nvidia issues by just holding off until the driver was known and fixed.

On linux I dont have a lot of amd experience, my two serious attempts to run AMD in Mint & MX were both pretty dismal when I pushed the card hard. ( tbh - they were older cards.)

AND.. I tend to stay a little off "the latest path" as well. Sticking with known, good, less problematic cards. (I dont game either which helps here - but I do A LOT of video editing and rendering and have never had issues. )

I run a GeForce RTX 2060 and GeForce GT 730 on my primary rigs - Both have HEAVY VM work, with the 730 running 3 VM's all the time. On my main rig ( RTX 2060 ) I typically have somewhere from 2 to 5 VM's running at the same time and I do not have issues.

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:42 pm**

The gigabyte website:

1) doesn't mention support for the cpu you want (i7-6700):

https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/GA ... upport-cpu

2) shows your 3 versions behind on your bios firmware

https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/GA ... support#dl

They look like pretty important updates too.

Also a cpu with max 8 threads might be pushing it depending on how many VMs you want to run at the same time. Mine has 4 and I can run the host (MX) + 3 guests well for testing but not for too long and not whilst doing too much else on the host.

Your 32GB ram should be ok, If you restrict 2-4GB per machine (for linux distros 2GB is fine for light testing).

You might also want to think about the power supply. You are thinking of putting in a more powerful, cpu, gpu and more hard drives and you have all those fans too. The wattage is ok but apparently the gpus sometimes spike their power draw which might cause issues if you are putting the system under heavy load.

edit: i7-6700 is supported

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:54 pm**

A good computer starts with a strong foundation....The Motherboard. Your current motherboard is already 8 years old.
You can always add parts to a new motherboard down the line.

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:56 pm**

siamhie wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 1:54 pm A good computer starts with a strong foundation....The Motherboard. Your current motherboard is already 8 years old.
You can always add parts to a new motherboard down the line.

+1

Gigabyte Z790 AERO G all the way :-)

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:00 pm**

@BitterTruth Thanks for your response

CPU:
The i7-6700: IS ON THE LIST (from your link).
It's on line 26 of that list-- the items are sorted by generation, so...first 7000s, then 6000s...
But, thanks for checking !!!

BIOS:
I am VERY nervous about flashing my BIOS

This is my main rig, and I'm not willing to risk it...
Although, looking at the support page, the update right after mine (F5) looks important: F6 = Update CPU micro code to fix HT flaw issue
I have flashed BIOSES in the past, and never bricked anything...yet...

RAM:
I decided not to go 64GB (at least for now), since I have 4 sticks of 8GB, using all 4 slots. I do not have another machine for the 32GB; so, going 64GB means wasting the 32GB

PSU:
Yeah, I thought I might have to go KiloWatt

I'll keep a very close eye on that!
Also, I do have other machines that could take this 700W

Thank you very much for your analysis

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:09 pm**

@CharlesV Thanks for your response

I'm assuming that the WD drive (NVME?) you mentioned is 2TB, not "2gb". Anyway...

I thought of going AMD for the GPU, since I am nervous about persistent rumors (or are those my internal conclusions?) about problems running Nvidia drivers on Linux.

I actually have a very old 2GB Nvidia card that works just fine on my testing rig. For a moment, there was an issue with installing the Nvidia drivers, but I got that all cleared-up.

I also considered AMD, since it seems they might be cheaper; the one I mentioned in the original post goes for about $110 (US). I am not willing to shell-out much more than that on this machine.

I will take a look at the GPUs you mentioned: GeForce RTX 2060 and GeForce GT 730

Thanks

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:16 pm**

operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:09 pm @CharlesV Thanks for your response

I'm assuming that the WD drive (NVME?) you mentioned is 2TB, not "2gb". Anyway...

I thought of going AMD for the GPU, since I am nervous about persistent rumors (or are those my internal conclusions?) about problems running Nvidia drivers on Linux.

I actually have a very old 2GB Nvidia card that works just fine on my testing rig. For a moment, there was an issue with installing the Nvidia drivers, but I got that all cleared-up.

I also considered AMD, since it seems they might be cheaper; the one I mentioned in the original post goes for about $110 (US). I am not willing to shell-out much more than that on this machine.

I will take a look at the GPUs you mentioned: GeForce RTX 2060 and GeForce GT 730

Thanks

Ya, typo .. 2tb drives.

Honestly, I think your smart not not to do the firmware updates, but I have found Gigabyte mobo's to be pretty good at firmware updates - But I am of the opinion: only major fixes and security updates on mobo firmware ;-/

I also think, since this is your main rig... a few extra $ might warrant a new machine here. With RAM, NVME's, GPU, and power ... comes age.. and a new mobo with a crisp clean i7-14700K intel will ROCK your world! My previous rig ( Z390 I AORUS PRO WIFI-CF with i7-9700 and 32gb ram is no slouch!.. but it cannot compare with my current rig either)

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:21 pm**

operadude wrote: Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:00 pm CPU:
The i7-6700: IS ON THE LIST (from your link).
It's on line 26 of that list-- the items are sorted by generation, so...first 7000s, then 6000s...
But, thanks for checking !!!

Yes, I edited my post after I realised it was on there.

BIOS:
I am VERY nervous about flashing my BIOS
This is my main rig, and I'm not willing to risk it...
Although, looking at the support page, the update right after mine (F5) looks important: F6 = Update CPU micro code to fix HT flaw issue
I have flashed BIOSES in the past, and never bricked anything...yet...

Ermmm. Maybe not on a running system but you are going to be upgrading it anyway so might as well take advantage of it.

RAM:
I decided not to go 64GB (at least for now), since I have 4 sticks of 8GB, using all 4 slots. I do not have another machine for the 32GB; so, going 64GB means wasting the 32GB

Agreed. 32gb is ok. I was bringing your attention to the 8 thread cpu which would be a bigger limitation in my opinion because you can't really assign more than half (or 2/3 max) total otherwise you risk crashing the host. Granted the guests don't use all of it at once but depending on what you run on the vms, you might only be able to run 5 vms at once max whilst not doing much on the host

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:40 pm**

@BitterTruth

I'll consider the BIOS update.
First thing I did after getting the MOBO up and running was to copy the original BIOS. I know, I know, that's not full-proof, but it's something.
So...a very tentative "maybe" on Flashing.

Re: CPU threads & VMs:
I'm really only at the beginning in terms of using VMs (VirtualBox), and I don't now see myself running more than 1 at a time.
As I progress, I may want to do more.
If I really get into it, then it will probably be time for a new MOBO.
For me, that's probably a few years down the line.

Thanks again for your words of wisdom

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 2:44 pm**

@CharlesV

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 3:58 pm**

Hi,

Might not be directly relevant here with your choices but a cautionary tale; In 2019 after getting very good mileage out one of the early Q6600 Intel quads I decided to redo my rig and build the development computer of my dreams and I switched teams from Intel to AMD and went all in with a 24core/48 thread Threadripper 2970 and a highly rated Gigabyte AORUS motherboard. The first hurdle was the Linux kernel which despite the many articles that said the Threadripper was supported it was not supported well at all and I experienced about a year of random freezes that came without rhyme, reason or warning and required a hard shutdown to recover from. This went on until Kernel 5.18 when it finally was resolved. I'm still using this system but it runs ridiculously hot even with the best dual fan push/pull CPU cooler I could buy (I really didn't want to go liquid) and even with good CPU paste with only a browser open typing this my temperature is sitting at 60 degrees C! I also take it outdoors and blow the components out with a leaf blower every 3 months so the heating has nothing to do with dust build-up. During ISO builds getting up to 85 C is not uncommon and I have a large tower with five 120mm fans running constantly. That said it's been running this hot since 2019 and so far no issues directly relating to overheating but under my desk I sometimes wonder if it's a better space heater than computer...lol. Between the cores and onboard NVMe slots throughput is very fast but I will say that not all applications will necessarily use all the cores (ffmpeg is a good example) so you lose a lot of potential speed savings there and also in the case of Video rendering and things that used to really lean on the CPU many of those workflows now utilize the GPU directly eliminating the need for the CPU to be too wild and crazy. In fact you generally are much better off with a modest CPU and a barnburner of a GPU than the other way around these days.

As a longtime Intel person who switched I would never do another AMD build and of course money is important but VALUE is even more important. A good build often lasts up to 10 years so I think spending a bit more on the one-time cost of having exactly what you want is better than buying an unfamiliar processor simply because it's cheaper..

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 9:38 pm**

Last year I updated my home buil PC. Basically, I went with ASUS MOBO, New RAM, New CPU and New AMD Video Card. It's been running so good I hardly can believe it. Here are my specs:

Code: Select all

System:
  Kernel: 6.8.12-amd64 [6.8.12-1~mx23ahs] arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A
    parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.8.12-amd64 root=UUID=<filter> ro quiet splash
  Desktop: KDE Plasma v: 5.27.5 wm: kwin_x11 vt: 7 dm: SDDM Distro: MX-23.6_KDE_x64 Libretto
    September 15 2024 base: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Machine:
  Type: Desktop System: ASUS product: N/A v: N/A serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: ASUSTeK model: PRIME B450M-A II v: Rev X.0x serial: <superuser required>
    UEFI: American Megatrends v: 4202 date: 06/16/2023
CPU:
  Info: model: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 2 gen: 3 level: v3 note: check
    built: 2020-22 process: TSMC n7 (7nm) family: 0x17 (23) model-id: 0x71 (113) stepping: 0
    microcode: 0x8701030
  Topology: cpus: 1x cores: 6 tpc: 2 threads: 12 smt: enabled cache: L1: 384 KiB
    desc: d-6x32 KiB; i-6x32 KiB L2: 3 MiB desc: 6x512 KiB L3: 32 MiB desc: 2x16 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 2160 high: 2200 min/max: 2200/4208 boost: enabled scaling:
    driver: acpi-cpufreq governor: schedutil cores: 1: 2086 2: 2076 3: 2200 4: 2196 5: 2196 6: 2196
    7: 2113 8: 2082 9: 2196 10: 2195 11: 2195 12: 2196 bogomips: 86228

Code: Select all

Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Lexa PRO [Radeon 540/540X/550/550X / RX 540X/550/550X] driver: amdgpu v: kernel
    arch: GCN-4 code: Arctic Islands process: GF 14nm built: 2016-20 pcie: gen: 3 speed: 8 GT/s
    lanes: 8 ports: active: HDMI-A-1 empty: DP-1,DVI-D-1 bus-ID: 08:00.0 chip-ID: 1002:699f
    class-ID: 0300 temp: 57.0 C
  Device-2: Creative VF0415 Live! Cam Vid. IM Ultra type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo
    bus-ID: 1-1:2 chip-ID: 041e:4071 class-ID: 0102
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.7 with: Xwayland v: 22.1.9 compositor: kwin_x11 driver: X:
    loaded: amdgpu unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,radeon,vesa dri: radeonsi gpu: amdgpu display-ID: :0
    screens: 1
  Screen-1: 0 s-res: 1920x1080 s-dpi: 96 s-size: 508x285mm (20.00x11.22") s-diag: 582mm (22.93")
  Monitor-1: HDMI-A-1 mapped: HDMI-A-0 model: Samsung LS32B30 serial: <filter> built: 2022
    res: 1920x1080 dpi: 70 gamma: 1.2 size: 698x393mm (27.48x15.47") diag: 184mm (7.2")
    ratio: 16:9, 16:10 modes: max: 1920x1080 min: 720x400
  API: OpenGL v: 4.6 Mesa 24.2.8-1~bpo12+1 renderer: AMD Radeon RX 550 / 550 Series (radeonsi
    polaris12 LLVM 15.0.6 DRM 3.57 6.8.12-amd64) direct-render: Yes
Audio:
  Device-1: AMD Baffin HDMI/DP Audio [Radeon RX 550 640SP / 560/560X] driver: snd_hda_intel
    v: kernel pcie: bus-ID: 1-1:2 gen: 3 chip-ID: 041e:4071 speed: 8 GT/s class-ID: 0102 lanes: 8
    bus-ID: 08:00.1 chip-ID: 1002:aae0 class-ID: 0403
  Device-2: AMD Starship/Matisse HD Audio vendor: ASUSTeK driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie:
    gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 0a:00.4 chip-ID: 1022:1487 class-ID: 0403
  Device-3: Creative VF0415 Live! Cam Vid. IM Ultra type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo
  API: ALSA v: k6.8.12-amd64 status: kernel-api tools: alsamixer,amixer
  Server-1: PipeWire v: 1.0.0 status: off with: 1: pipewire-pulse status: off 2: wireplumber
    status: off tools: pw-cat,pw-cli,wpctl
  Server-2: PulseAudio v: 16.1 status: active tools: pacat,pactl,pavucontrol
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek RTL8125 2.5GbE driver: r8169 v: kernel pcie: gen: 2 speed: 5 GT/s lanes: 1
    port: e000 bus-ID: 06:00.0 chip-ID: 10ec:8125 class-ID: 0200
  IF: eth0 state: down mac: <filter>
  Device-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: ASUSTeK PRIME B450M-A
    driver: r8169 v: kernel pcie: gen: 1 speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 port: d000 bus-ID: 07:00.0
    chip-ID: 10ec:8168 class-ID: 0200
  IF: eth1 state: down mac: <filter>
  Device-3: MediaTek WiFi type: USB driver: mt76x0u bus-ID: 3-2:2 chip-ID: 0e8d:7610
    class-ID: 0000 serial: <filter>
  IF: wlan0 state: up mac: <filter>
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 465.76 GiB used: 99.47 GiB (21.4%)
  SMART Message: Unable to run smartctl. Root privileges required.
  ID-1: /dev/sda maj-min: 8:0 vendor: Samsung model: SSD 870 EVO 500GB size: 465.76 GiB
    block-size: physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s type: SSD serial: <filter> rev: 2B6Q
    scheme: MBR
Partition:
  ID-1: / raw-size: 465.51 GiB size: 457.13 GiB (98.20%) used: 99.47 GiB (21.8%) fs: ext4
    dev: /dev/sda2 maj-min: 8:2
  ID-2: /boot/efi raw-size: 256 MiB size: 252 MiB (98.46%) used: 274 KiB (0.1%) fs: vfat
    dev: /dev/sda1 maj-min: 8:1
Swap:
  Kernel: swappiness: 15 (default 60) cache-pressure: 100 (default)
  ID-1: swap-1 type: file size: 4 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) priority: -2 file: /swap/swap
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 39.5 C mobo: N/A gpu: amdgpu temp: 57.0 C
  Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Repos:
  Packages: 3126 pm: dpkg pkgs: 3118 libs: 1790 tools: apt,apt-get,aptitude,nala,synaptic pm: rpm
    pkgs: 0 pm: flatpak pkgs: 8
  No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
    1: deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stable-updates.list
    1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list
    1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm non-free-firmware non-free contrib main
    2: deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
    3: deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm non-free-firmware non-free contrib main
  No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mx.list
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/teamviewer.list
    1: deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/teamviewer-keyring.gpg] https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb/ stable main
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/extrepo_librewolf.sources
    1: deb [arch=amd64 arm64] https://repo.librewolf.net librewolf main
  Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq-bookworm.sources
    1: deb [arch=amd64 i386] https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian bookworm main
Info:
  Processes: 307 Uptime: 37m wakeups: 1 Memory: 15.5 GiB used: 2.53 GiB (16.4%) Init: SysVinit
  v: 3.06 runlevel: 5 default: graphical tool: systemctl Compilers: gcc: 12.2.0 alt: 12
  Client: shell wrapper v: 5.2.15-release inxi: 3.3.26
Boot Mode: UEFI

PS: I have been using a wireless USB to connect with WiFi. Fast and stable too.

Posted: **Mon Sep 08, 2025 11:45 pm**

Although, looking at the support page, the update right after mine (F5) looks important: F6 = Update CPU micro code to fix HT flaw issue

If you have intel-microcode installed, that will load the new microcode at boot time.

Code: Select all

$ apt show intel-microcode
Package: intel-microcode
Version: 3.20250512.1~deb12u1
Priority: standard
Section: non-free-firmware/admin
Maintainer: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 19.7 MB
Depends: iucode-tool (>= 1.0)
Recommends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.113~)
Conflicts: microcode.ctl (<< 0.18~0)
Homepage: https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files
Download-Size: 11.1 MB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/non-free-firmware amd64 Packages
Description: Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs
 This package contains updated system processor microcode for
 Intel i686 and Intel X86-64 processors.  Intel releases microcode
 updates to correct processor behavior as documented in the
 respective processor specification updates.

Posted: **Tue Sep 09, 2025 2:17 am**

With regards to the bios, the way I see it with the updates is:

1) you're extremely lucky if the manufacturer is still putting them out. Take them whilst you can
2) a lot of older bioses (pre-2015/2010) weren't really made with linux in mind. They were made for windows based machines, so sometimes, they don't really work well with all the new power saving features that modern distros/kernels provide and that's why you see a lot of acpi issues in the linux forums. (you probably won't have this issue but others might).
3) newer boards have a backup bios as well as the main bios. If both of those fail for whatever reason and the board can't boot, some manufacturers have now added hardware features to the mobo that can flash the bios without the cpu, graphics, ram installed. Just needs power connected. So it's not like the old days where you felt like you were the main character in a real life horror movie.
Gigabyte calls their's Q flash plus. Unfortunately your's doesn't have that capability. I think MSI have it too and no doubt asus will have it as well.
4) sometimes you have no option if you have to unlock it because the manufacturer (lenovo, hp) has a whitelist on it that only allows certain wifi cards and original batteries etc and won't recognise them if you swap them out.
5) You might also have to update if you want to install a later cpu as some boards only support faster cpus with later bios firmware.

Posted: **Tue Sep 09, 2025 4:41 am**

@BitterTruth Thank you SO much

Fortunately, I am a backup freak, and so, the first thing I did after purchasing this MOBO (Sept., 2017-- dug-up the old box & found the receipt) was to visit the Gigabyte website, and download EVERYTHING. So, yes, I do have the latest BIOS (F8), and very fortunately, there are 2 forms-- one, a .exe file

, but the other is a Binary file named "H270HD3.F8". Also, by design, Gigabyte has on their boards a utility called Q-Flash (as you say, maybe they call it something else now). I have Q-Flash on my board (I see it at the startup screen-- press the "End" key to enter Q-Flash), and all I need to do is to copy that binary on to a FAT32 flash drive, and I'm good to go

Gigabyte says that they have a "patented BIOS backup" with their "Dual BIOS" modules (chips) on board. BUT...I have heard horror stories from some (AdamantIT) that these "Backup BIOSes" sometimes DO NOT WORK

So, IIRC, one of the first things I did with the board was to use the Q-Flash function to make a copy of the BIOS on board (F5), and I have that on a flash drive, just-in-case. I know, that might not work in the end, but better safe than sorry.

Like you said, with the new CPU, I might be forced to use the new BIOS (F8), anyway.

I will keep you apprised of the situation

Posted: **Tue Sep 09, 2025 5:10 am**

@Stevo Thank You

This is what I get when I run that command:

Code: Select all

opera-dude@GA-H270-HD3:~
$ apt show intel-microcode
Package: intel-microcode
Version: 3.20250512.1~deb12u1
Priority: standard
Section: non-free-firmware/admin
Maintainer: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 19.7 MB
Depends: iucode-tool (>= 1.0)
Recommends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.113~)
Conflicts: microcode.ctl (<< 0.18~0)
Homepage: https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files
Download-Size: 11.1 MB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/non-free-firmware amd64 Packages
Description: Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs
 This package contains updated system processor microcode for
 Intel i686 and Intel X86-64 processors.  Intel releases microcode
 updates to correct processor behavior as documented in the
 respective processor specification updates.
 .
 For AMD processors, please refer to the amd64-microcode package.

So, are you saying that I DO NOT NEED TO FLASH MY BIOS ???

That would be good

I know that you and the other Devs are extremely busy now, but...when you can:

Please let me know

Posted: **Tue Sep 09, 2025 5:36 am**

@AVLinux Thank you for The Cautionary Tale

Yeah, not going AMD MOBO/CPU.

Sticking with current MOBO & an Intel CPU (not necessarily the current one, i3).

Yes, I thought similarly that the GPU will be key for this MOBO, especially since I want to dip my toe into VMs.

I have already used the current GPU (2GB RAM) and CPU (i3) for some AI work, and it takes a while to build the CNNs, RNNs, GANs; do the "pooling", "masking", etc.; using RL techniques/tools; etc., etc., etc..

That's where my "Axiom(s) of Choice(s)" come in to play. See: viewtopic.php?p=831198#p831198

As per @CharlesV's recommendation, I will keep looking, esp. for Nvidia cards...

As for the CPU, I could keep my i3, but I think that will severely limit any VM stuff I get into. And, I'm assuming that the i3 will dampen the AI stuff, too.

The ALGO on which CPU/GPU/(PSU) to go with is what I am mainly concerned with. In other words, I would most welcome the Decision Trees that folks come-up with that determine their conclusions.

In a nutshell, to all, please see and consider the aforementioned link (Post #10 of this thread).

Or...Not

Trying to keep it light and easy here...

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 6:35 am**

So...given some of the responses above about criticality of GPU, I am considering going Nvidia, and a named-brand (MSI), versus a no-named-brand I previously considered. Here's the new model I am considering:

MSI Gaming GeForce RTX 3050 8GB GDRR6 Boost Clock: 1807 MHz 128-Bit HDMI/DP PCIe 4 Torx Twin Fans Ampere OC Graphics Card (RTX 3050 Ventus 2X XS 8G OC)

The PCIe 4.0 is backwards compatible with my rig (PCIe 3.0). Twice the price as no-name-brand, but I do value the brand-name-- inferring that the item might be more reliable (?)

@CharlesV

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 10:54 am**

operadude wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 6:35 am So...given some of the responses above about criticality of GPU, I am considering going Nvidia, and a named-brand (MSI), versus a no-named-brand I previously considered. Here's the new model I am considering:

MSI Gaming GeForce RTX 3050 8GB GDRR6 Boost Clock: 1807 MHz 128-Bit HDMI/DP PCIe 4 Torx Twin Fans Ampere OC Graphics Card (RTX 3050 Ventus 2X XS 8G OC)

You might want to look at the 3060 model. It is a PCIe 4.0 x16 card compared to the PCIe 4.0 x8 card. Both cards are 8GB GDDR6.

MSI RTX 3050 VENTUS 2X XS OC specs https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/m ... -oc.b10100
MSI RTX 3060 VENTUS 2X OC 8 GB specs https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/m ... 8-gb.b9818

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:09 am**

@siamhie

Awesome Catch.

Thank You

My MOBO has x16 architecture, and I'm sure that I would benefit from that

EDIT/ADDENDUM:

$65 more than the x8 version. (EDIT: This is for a "Renewed" model !!!)

Probably worth it !!! (EDIT: Will keep checking the price; may be a lot more for new !!!)

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:18 am**

Yep...the 3060 is almost $150 more than what I found for the 3050.

Both priced as new...

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:29 am**

When I went shopping for my latest build, the RTX 2060 had quite a bit better rating than the 3050 in everything except power consumption. And while that card I think would be just fine, I chose the 2060 over it because of that.
https://tech4gamers.com/rtx-3050-vs-2060/

I also have an aversion to MSI I'm afraid. While I do recognize they have gotten better over the years... I cannot count the MSI mobo's I ripped out of service because of weird issues or completely failing.. so I no longer will buy MSI stuff. I have have very good luck with Asus products and so I typicallly head that direction on Video cards.

And this is where I have ask a big question ... how many monitors are you planning on running?
Because if the answer is two or less ... then personally ... I would opt to buy the mobo ( Gigabyte Z790 AERO G ) and spend the $ there to kick you rig into high gear. Headed for big fast video card is great if your going to game or want 3~5 monitors.. but if yours staying under 3 then that Gigabyte board has VERY good graphics and personally the kick up to a faster CPU is more my preference. ( I do NOT like slower, so .. for me its CPU over GPU if I am on a budget - but then I dont game, and have four monitors ;-p .. so... )

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:53 am**

CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:29 am When I went shopping for my latest build, the RTX 2060 had quite a bit better rating than the 3050 in everything except power consumption. And while that card I think would be just fine, I chose the 2060 over it because of that.
https://tech4gamers.com/rtx-3050-vs-2060/

I was going to suggest the MSI GeForce RTX 2080 SUPER VENTUS XS

https://us.msi.com/Graphics-Card/GeForc ... -VENTUS-XS

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:03 pm**

@CharlesV

Thanks for the info on MSI and the 2060 v. 3050

For personal reasons, MOBO is non-negotiable (sticking with current MOBO).

I see the 2060 for $25 more, and it is pcie 3.0, with x16 architecture, which matches my MOBO. Here's the Amazon description of the item:

RTX 2060 Super 8GB Graphics Card 256Bit GDDR6 Video Card with Ray Tracing, Dual Fans, PCI Express x 16 3.0 HDMI Display Port DVI, Supports Up to 8K for Office Creative Work PC Gaming

Only thing is...it's a no-name brand, and sold by "GPVHOSO".

Lists as shipping from "Amazon".

I just don't want to get "hosed" by "GPVHOSO"

Oh...and monitors...One (1); though, I sometimes switch back and forth (channels) between my main rig, and my testing rig. Both rigs are on either side of my desk, and hooked-up to my one monitor (large, 42", I think).

Any thoughts on possible unwanted hosing by "GPVHOSO"

???

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:06 pm**

@siamhie Thanks for helping me spend money

And...thanks for the info, and your awesome links

Checking now...

Please stand by...

We have operators standing-by to take your MY credit card information.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:13 pm**

siamhie wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:53 am
CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:29 am When I went shopping for my latest build, the RTX 2060 had quite a bit better rating than the 3050 in everything except power consumption. And while that card I think would be just fine, I chose the 2060 over it because of that.
https://tech4gamers.com/rtx-3050-vs-2060/
I was going to suggest the MSI GeForce RTX 2080 SUPER VENTUS XS
https://us.msi.com/Graphics-Card/GeForc ... -VENTUS-XS

Just got the joke.

Amazon = $785.00

It's on the Wish-List

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:48 pm**

I would head for more mainstream frankly - https://www.amazon.com/GIGABYTE-Graphic ... B07NYKD5FT

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:55 pm**

CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:48 pm I would head for more mainstream frankly - https://www.amazon.com/GIGABYTE-Graphic ... B07NYKD5FT

OK...it's $60 more, but I prefer peace of mind !!!

Here's what I was looking at:

GET_HOSED

Your link shows a 6GB, 192-bit card.

My link says it's 8GB, and a 256-bit card.

Is the "bit"-factor that crucial ???

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:56 pm**

siamhie wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:53 am
CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 11:29 am When I went shopping for my latest build, the RTX 2060 had quite a bit better rating than the 3050 in everything except power consumption. And while that card I think would be just fine, I chose the 2060 over it because of that.
https://tech4gamers.com/rtx-3050-vs-2060/
I was going to suggest the MSI GeForce RTX 2080 SUPER VENTUS XS
https://us.msi.com/Graphics-Card/GeForc ... -VENTUS-XS

hahaha ! Ya that one!

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:57 pm**

CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:48 pm I would head for more mainstream frankly - https://www.amazon.com/GIGABYTE-Graphic ... B07NYKD5FT

I went the opposite direction when I was building my computer a couple of years ago. I went with PowerColor for my AMD card over the usual
vendors like MSI, ASRock, GIGABYTE, etc. because the price range fit my budget better.

@operadude Definitely shop around between manufactures.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:59 pm**

operadude wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:55 pm
CharlesV wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 12:48 pm I would head for more mainstream frankly - https://www.amazon.com/GIGABYTE-Graphic ... B07NYKD5FT
OK...it's $60 more, but I prefer peace of mind !!!

Here's what I was looking at:

GET_HOSED

Your link shows a 6GB, 192-bit card.

My link says it's 8GB, and a 256-bit card.

Is the "bit"-factor that crucial ???

Again, I am not a gamer, so maybe ? - I want solid FAST performance, and not a lot of problems! So, I tend to stick to known brands and also good, older equipment.

You can see some ratings and compare a side by side if you like here ( best I have found )

https://www.videocardbenchmark.net/high_end_gpus.html

And more specific performance benchmarks here.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:03 pm**

And I have found with the Passmark charts a great way to 'shop' using them.. .is to start at the top of the high end chart and work your way down into the price ranges your looking for (they are spread out! so dont get fooled! ) .. and then mark the ones you like the price of for a compare - then go compare them. Sometimes I am shocked at how good a certain CPU or GPU is - for the money I am wanting to spend / not spend ;-p

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:13 pm**

@CharlesV

Thanks...that's quite the list !!!

Are you saying you would prefer a 'reliable' name-brand over a no-name item that has more RAM, and a higher bit-rate ?

I have no idea how much the bit-rate matters (e.g. 256 vs. 192).

Also, not sure how much the RAM makes a difference, especially when Gigabyte is marketing it as an "OC" card. So, even though the Gigabyte is less RAM, and lower bit-rate, maybe it's a better card, anyway ???

I really have no idea how to compare these cards...

Also, no gaming, just AI and VMs. the AI stuff can get VERY slogged-down by a weak GPU.

So, you would go with the Gigabyte card, even though "on paper" it is the weaker card ???

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:15 pm**

@CharlesV

Ahh...Just saw your new post (before the one I just sent).

OK, I'll take a close look at the chart.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:17 pm**

Last thing ... Passmark usually has pre-compares for various models.
https://www.videocardbenchmark.net/comp ... e-RTX-2060

Check out the Stats on these cards - and especially of interest to me is the # of samples. While this will be larger for older cards... THAT comparison is always interesting ( imo )

And yes to your question - I would rather have a *stable* card that is a little slower then a tweaked one that is not stable! ( I do NOT overclock ANYTHING after a few bad experiences ;-/ ) ..

Ask yourself this - HOW do they get 'more performance' out of the SAME GPU ?
- If the real answer is RAM or cache then ok - but anything else... mmm... suspicious.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:24 pm**

operadude wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:13 pm @CharlesV

Thanks...that's quite the list !!!

Are you saying you would prefer a 'reliable' name-brand over a no-name item that has more RAM, and a higher bit-rate ?

I have no idea how much the bit-rate matters (e.g. 256 vs. 192).

Also, not sure how much the RAM makes a difference, especially when Gigabyte is marketing it as an "OC" card. So, even though the Gigabyte is less RAM, and lower bit-rate, maybe it's a better card, anyway ???

I really have no idea how to compare these cards...

Also, no gaming, just AI and VMs. the AI stuff can get VERY slogged-down by a weak GPU.

So, you would go with the Gigabyte card, even though "on paper" it is the weaker card ???

Remember "Hot-Rodding 101" - " You will *always* be limited by the slowest component in your machine!" This goes just as well for cars as it does for computers. What IS going to limit you with the rig that ***you are building*** is going to be your CPU and Mobo !

If you upgraded Mobo to take advantage of a MUCH faster CPU .. as well as RAM.. THEN the gpu starts to matter more. But, what will be your limiting factor on your build - I will just about guarantee you it will NOT be that 2060 GPU ! ( AI or NOT )

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:28 pm**

operadude wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:13 pm Also, not sure how much the RAM makes a difference, especially when Gigabyte is marketing it as an "OC" card. So, even though the Gigabyte is less RAM, and lower bit-rate, maybe it's a better card, anyway ???

@operadude OC just refers to the ability to overclock the card over it's stock values.

The card @CharlesV mentioned (GIGABYTE Gv-N2060OC-6GD GeForce RTX 2060 OC GG) has a base clock speed of 1365 MHz but can be over clocked to 1755 MHz.

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:34 pm**

@CharlesV

Refactoring...

Are you saying that you think the 2060 is overkill for my MOBO ?

UPDATE:
Bought the Intel i7-6700 (Boxed, new).

"Tweaked" the Amazon Algo over a few days, until the price went down $30

So, the question is:

Even with the i7 & 32GB DDR4 RAM, is the 2060 overkill for this MOBO ???

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:37 pm**

siamhie wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:28 pm
operadude wrote: Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:13 pm Also, not sure how much the RAM makes a difference, especially when Gigabyte is marketing it as an "OC" card. So, even though the Gigabyte is less RAM, and lower bit-rate, maybe it's a better card, anyway ???
@operadude OC just refers to the ability to overclock the card over it's stock values.

The card @CharlesV mentioned (GIGABYTE Gv-N2060OC-6GD GeForce RTX 2060 OC GG) has a base clock speed of 1365 MHz but can be over clocked to 1755 MHz.

Thanks.

Yeah, I inferred that, but thought that since it's a model that can be over-clocked, maybe that would obviate the 2GB RAM difference.

Again, I am WAY out of my league here...

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:46 pm**

Well.. if you lean on that card for the AI, then def not. I ran that 2060 on my i7-9700K for a while and it was VERY good on it. And then when I upgraded to my faster rig ( i7-14700K ) I decided to keep that card and try it out there. And it has been stellar on this rig as well.

I wont say your in overkill.. as the graphics, redraws and GPU you will definitely notice... I am going to say that remember.. your on 2400mhz ram speed max! vs what DDR-6400 on the midrange speed ! ( Huge difference in RAM speed)

Then CPU speed - another huge difference! ( plus tack onto that the Cache layer speeds!!)

Your 'bottom end' is going to be the slower bottle neck and NOT the video card. ( also the PCIe3 vs 4 )

Since your determined to keep that mobo, I would suggest the 2060 at this time - planning / realizing that it can and will do the job when you upgrade 'the rest of your rig' .

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 1:53 pm**

@CharlesV

I love your mind

Nice Decision-Tree

Way to boil-it-down into digestible, bite-sized morsels

Thanks!

Posted: **Wed Sep 10, 2025 2:00 pm**

Thanks! And your very welcome!

Posted: **Thu Sep 18, 2025 4:18 am**

Adding to my "Axiom(s) of Choice(s)":

GPU for VMs

BUT...from my initial research...it looks like I would need to set-up:

QEMU KVM using VFIO for GPU Passthrough:

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g--fe8_kEcw

- - He says I need 2 GPUs

- - I've seen others say you can do it with only 1 GPU

I just figured that if I'm going to go with the Gigabyte Nvidia RTX 3050 or 3060, I might as well take advantage of that for VMs, as well.

As a reminder, I am currently running all MX Distros, using SysVinit, but if I have to go with SystemD, then I would do that to get the GPU Passthrough to work.

Also, I will be upgrading to the i7-6700.

My expectation is for all of the hardware (upgrades) to arrive by year's-end. So, I've got time to debate all of this!

Anyone have experience doing this sort of thing? @CharlesV

Posted: **Thu Sep 18, 2025 11:26 am**

Well, you dont *need* QEMU nor do you need KVM.. but that is certainly one way to do it. I never had good luck with KVM, although many people do.

My VM of choice is VirtualBox, which does have pass through, although it has been problematic from what I have read. (I believe the 7.x series resolved that, but frankly I have never used that either ;-p ) ... For my needs and the VM's that I use, I really have never needed pass through GPU.

Posted: **Thu Sep 18, 2025 12:03 pm**

@CharlesV Thanks

I just assumed that I would need QEMU/KVM for GPU Passthrough.

Good to know that VirtualBox has it; but, as you said, maybe I won't need it, anyway.

I assumed that I could put the GPU to work in the VMs. If I've got a decent GPU, why not use it for the VMs, as well?

This is where my knowledge-base is lacking. Maybe my assumption is incorrect, and the VM(s) really won't benefit from direct access to the GPU, for my needs, which will probably be for testing distros. No serious gaming; no multiple monitors.

Oh, my earlier post was incorrect:

I am currently looking at either (one) of the following:

Gigabyte Nvidia RTX 2060

Gigabyte Nvidia RTX 3060

Posted: **Thu Sep 18, 2025 12:26 pm**

Exactly my case. I do a few things with VM's: Development ( two different VM's for two different setups), Dev testing as well as testing / support for here( 4 of those in any given 'fresh' state). Then I have my CCTV, my Ubiquiti setup, and my Kiosk and customer VM's that I do production with.

None of these do I require GPU really ... but then again, I have three *monster fast* rigs I use to drive all this too. Also, at any one time each of these machines has *at least* two VM's running and sometimes up to five or even seven if I am seriously banging on them.

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