Fortunately I have Kubuntu 25.04 installed as well (triple boot) and I had to use its grub setup to boot into MX.
Eventually after issuing a 'sudo grub-install /dev/-----' (I use sda6 here), I was able to use MX again as primary boot.
On checking '/boot/efi/EFI/' directory I found 2 instances of MX, ie. MX23 and a new mx, listed. (see below, file list)
Trust Microsoft to screw around with linux again.
Code: Select all
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1.0K Sep 23 18:35 BOOT
drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 1.0K Dec 4 23:08 Microsoft
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1.0K Dec 5 07:50 mx
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1.0K Dec 2 10:46 MX23
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1.0K May 29 2022 tools
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1.0K Nov 25 14:28 ubuntu
After rebooting my machine I was sent into Windows without prompting, and discovered that the MX boot option was again missing.
EDIT:
Installed rEFInd. rEFInd appeared as one of the boot menu options but now no longer appears. Only the one setup by Kubuntu 2504.

EDIT:
BTW, I haven't had secure-boot enabled for a few months.